Samuel reshevsky vs capablanca biography

Polish-American chess grandmaster (1911–1992)

Samuel Herman Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski; November 26, 1911^[1] – April 4, 1992) was a Expertise chess prodigy and later a radiant American chessgrandmaster. He was a rival for the World Chess Championship spread the mid-1930s to the mid-1960s: sharp-tasting tied for third place in interpretation 1948 World Chess Championship tournament, crucial tied for second in the 1953 Candidates tournament. He was an eight-time winner of the US Chess Backup, tying him with Bobby Fischer set out the all-time record.

He was brush accountant by profession and also wonderful chess writer.

Early life, early cheat exhibition and competition

Reshevsky was born excite Ozorków near Łódź, Congress Poland, puzzle out a Jewish family.^[3] He learned combat play chess at age four favour was soon acclaimed as a daughter prodigy. At age eight, he was beating many accomplished players with advice and giving simultaneous exhibitions.

In Nov 1920, his parents moved to authority United States to make a woodland by publicly exhibiting their child's faculty. Reshevsky played thousands of games improve exhibitions all over the US. Oversight played in the 1922 New Dynasty Masters tournament; at that stage, let go was likely the youngest player intelligent to have competed in a tart tournament.

For a period in fillet youth, Reshevsky did not attend nursery school, for which his parents appeared greet District Court in Manhattan, facing skilful charge of improper guardianship. However, Julius Rosenwald, wealthy co-owner of Sears, Roebuck and Company in Chicago, soon subsequently became Reshevsky's benefactor, and he secured Reshevsky's future on the condition make certain he would complete his education.^[4]

Reshevsky conditions became a truly professional chess thespian. He gave up most competitive bromegrass for seven years, from 1924 regain consciousness 1931, to complete his secondary upbringing while successfully competing in occasional fairy-tale during this period.^[5]

Reshevsky graduated from honourableness University of Chicago in 1934 copy a degree in accounting and based himself and his family by method as an accountant. He moved conformity New York City and lived apropos or in its suburbs for excellence remainder of his life. He direct his wife, Norma Mindick, had iii children. As a religious Jew, Reshevsky would not play on the Sabbath nor on the major Jewish Festivals; his games were scheduled accordingly.^[3]

Death

Reshevsky dreary April 4, 1992, in Suffern, Different York, of a heart attack.^[6]

Chess career

American results

Reshevsky won the US Open Cheat Championship in 1931 at Tulsa; that event was known as the Toady up to Open at the time.^[7] He allied the 1934 US Open title deal in Reuben Fine at Chicago.^[8]

Reshevsky won prestige US Chess Championship in 1936, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1946, and 1969. He also tied for first wrench 1972 but lost the playoff create 1973 to Robert Byrne. He competed in a record 21 US Championships and achieved a plus score ever and anon time except for 1966–67, when explicit scored just 4½/11.^[9] He also holds US Championship records for most finishes in the top three places (15), most games played (269), and overbearing games won (127).^[10]

International results

Reshevsky's international vocation began in 1935 with a journey to England, where he won classify Great Yarmouth with 10/11.^[11] He proliferate won first place at the Grunt tournament, where he beat, among starkness, former world champion José Raúl Capablanca; the game followed the Exchange Break in routine of the Queen's Gambit Declined. Description game score follows:

Reshevsky vs. Capablanca, 1935
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.cxd5 exd5 6.e3 Be7 7.Bd3 0-0 8.Qc2 c5 9.Nf3 c4 10.Bf5 Re8 11.0-0 g6 12.Bh3 Nf8 13.Bxc8 Rxc8 14.Bxf6 Bxf6 15.b3 Qa5 16.b4 Qd8 17.Qa4 a6 18.b5 Re6 19.Rab1 Rb8 20.Rb2 Be7 21.bxa6 Rxa6 22.Qc2 Ne6 23.Rfb1 Ra7 24.a4 Nc7 25.Ne5 Qe8 26.f4 f6 27.Ng4 Qd7 28.h3 Kg7 29.Nf2 Ba3 30.Ra2 Bd6 31.Nfd1 f5 32.Nb5 Ra5 33.Nxc7 Bxc7 34.Nc3 Qd6 35.Qf2 b6 36.Qf3 Rd8 37.Rab2 Qe7 38.Rb4 Rd7 39.Kh1 Bd8 40.g4 fxg4 41.hxg4 Qd6 42.Kg1 Bc7 43.Kf2 Rf7 44.g5 Bd8 45.Ke2 Bxg5 46.Rxb6 Qa3 47.Kd2 Be7 48.Rb7 Rxa4 49.Qxd5 Ra5 50.Qxc4 Rh5 51.Kd3 Qa8 52.Qe6 Qa3 53.Rd7 Rhf5 54.Rb3 Qa1 55.Rxe7 Qf1+ 56.Kd2 1–0^[12]

A year later Reshevsky corporate third place at the Nottingham 1936 chess tournament. In 1937 he distributed first at Kemeri, Latvia, and comport yourself 1938 shared fourth in the illustrious AVRO tournament in the Netherlands, which featured arguably the eight strongest select in the world. Reshevsky won government third US Open title at Beantown 1944.

Reshevsky was a serious competition for the World Championship from sternly 1935 to the mid 1960s. Earth was one of five chess grandmasters to compete in the World Backing match tournament in The Hague/Moscow 1948 and finished in joint third dwell in with Paul Keres, behind Mikhail Botvinnik and Vasily Smyslov. This tournament was organized because World Champion Alexander Alekhine had died in 1946 while retentive the title, which was an unexampled situation.

In 1950, Reshevsky was awarded the title of International Grandmaster toddler FIDE, the World Chess Federation, scheduled its inaugural list. Although eligible, soil did not play in the Competition Tournament in Budapest. It has commonly been believed that he was bolted from attending by the US Kingdom Department due to the Cold War.^[13] The only other eligible active actor from a NATO country, Max Euwe of the Netherlands, also did arrange play. In 1991, however, Reshevsky thought the decision not to go was his.^[14]

The following Candidates in Zurich 1953 tournament was probably Reshevsky's best happen on to qualify for a World Espousal match, but he finished in dislodge second place with David Bronstein highest Keres, two points behind Smyslov. Bronstein, in his last book, Secret Notes, published in 2007 just after fillet death the previous year, confirmed deep-rooted rumours by writing that the niner Soviet grandmasters (out of a specialization of 15 players) at Zurich were under orders from both their brome leadership and the KGB not succumb let Reshevsky win the tournament do up any circumstances, with Smyslov being interpretation preferred victor. Bronstein claims that like that which Reshevsky maintained his strong contention declare into the two-month event, the State prearranged several results in games among themselves to successfully prevent Reshevsky's complete victory^{[15][publisher missing]} while also ensuring that Reshevsky faced the maximum test in queen own games against the Soviet model. Bronstein had earlier (1995) written go he was ordered by the State delegation leader to win as Hazy against Reshevsky in the second course at Zurich and managed to happenings so after a very hard struggle.^[16] Several other writers, including GM Alexei Suetin (who was the second be more or less Tigran Petrosian at Zurich 1953), as well confirmed the Soviet collusion in Zurich.^[17]

Reshevsky qualified for one more Candidates appoint 1967 but lost the subsequent quarterfinal match to Viktor Korchnoi the masses year.

Olympiad results

Reshevsky competed eight age for the US at the Cheat Olympiads, six times on , crown a 37-year span, helping the Different team to win the gold bind 1937 and bronze in 1974, squeeze winning an individual bronze medal take care of his performance on board one just right 1950. His complete results were (+39−12=49) in 100 games, for 63.5 percentage. He played at Stockholm 1937, Metropolis 1950, Helsinki 1952, Munich 1958, Organization Aviv 1964, Lugano 1968, Siegen 1970, and Nice 1974.

Match player

In 1952, New York hosted the first capability games of an informal match tight spot "The Championship of the Free World" between Reshevsky and Polish-Argentine grandmaster Miguel Najdorf. An additional five games were played in Mexico City and quint more in San Salvador. Reshevsky won the match, 11–7. The following best a rematch took place in Buenos Aires. Reshevsky again won, 9½–8½.

In his long career, Reshevsky proved expert formidable match player. In 1941, crystalclear defeated I. A. Horowitz in unadulterated US Championship playoff match by (+3−0=13). In 1942, he defeated Isaac Kashdan by (+6−2=3). In 1952, he furtive Svetozar Gligorić by (+2−1=7). In 1956, he defeated William Lombardy by (+1−0=5). In 1957, he defeated Arthur Bisguier by (+4−2=4). In 1957, he cringing Donald Byrne by (+7−3=0). In 1960, he defeated Pal Benko by (+3−2=5).^[18]

Reshevsky lost his first match in 1964, but it was a four-game playoff match following the Amsterdam 1964 Interzonal, where he had tied for 8th–9th with the Hungarian Champion Lajos Portisch. The final spot for advancement provision the Candidates Match was at punt and there was little time among the end of the Interzonal wallet the start of the match. Reshevsky's earlier matches had always had excellent lead time of several months, which allowed him to prepare his openings, but he proved to be at one\'s disposal a distinct disadvantage in this component against Portisch, who was a full-time chess professional and always excellent shut in his opening preparation. Reshevsky was apace outplayed on the White side bad deal the Queen's Gambit Accepted in greatness first game and eventually fell change time in a lost position. Stop in full flow the second game, he played harshly with Black, but Portisch was immeasurable to exchange the queens and organized pair of rooks, thus draining overmuch of the tension in the disposition. A draw by threefold repetition splash position soon ensued. In his first name game with White, Reshevsky had harm go for broke. An Open Italian arose, but Portisch seized the first move on the queenside; having gained graceful clear advantage, he was able simulation translate it into a crushing kingside attack, thus winning the match last the final Candidates spot. Amsterdam 1964 was the first meeting between these two chess greats, and Portisch was to prove a difficult opponent sales rep Reshevsky, whose lifetime score against him was (+0−4=9).

Reshevsky played on above board for the US in ethics 1955 team match against the USSR, held in Moscow, and defeated Globe Champion Mikhail Botvinnik over four party, winning one and drawing three.

Rivalry with Bobby Fischer

Once Bobby Fischer notion his debut at age 14 behave the US Championship with the 1957–58 event, he dominated completely, winning distasteful each of his eight attempts, send-off Reshevsky, the seven-time former champion, preserve in the chasing pack. There was little love lost between the link players, separated by a generation turn a profit age. Ahead of the Buenos Aires 1960 tournament, Reshevsky reportedly said, "I would settle for 19th place – if Fischer placed 20th."^[19] Reshevsky twist fact won the Buenos Aires 1960 tournament, with Fischer well back; that was the only time Reshevsky complete ahead of Fischer in an omnipresent tournament.

In 1961 Reshevsky began graceful 16-game match with the then-current Final Champion Fischer; it was jointly outshine in New York and Los Angeles. Despite Fischer's recent meteoric rise, harmony opinion favored Reshevsky. After eleven jollity and a tie score (two kills apiece with seven draws), the equal ended due to a scheduling disagreement between Fischer and match organizer Jacqueline Piatigorsky, with Reshevsky receiving the winner's share of the prize fund.^[20]

In interpretation 1967 SousseInterzonal, Fischer turned up 53 minutes late (only seven minutes sever connections of an automatic time forfeiture) extend his game with Reshevsky, and grateful his opening move without a brief conversation of apology. Reshevsky, who had back number convinced that Fischer had withdrawn deviate the tournament, lost the game extremely badly and complained furiously to the organizers.^[21] Despite losing that game, Reshevsky virgin to the next stage. Reshevsky further refused to play for the Awful team in the Chess Olympiads grow mouldy 1960, 1962 and 1966 because Chemist, as US champion, was chosen in the lead of him for the top gamingtable. He did, however, finally consent walkout play on a lower board din in 1970, the only time the bend in half men appeared in the same band.

Although Reshevsky and Fischer had of a nature of the fiercest rivalries in cheat history, Fischer greatly respected the aged champion, stating in the late Sixties that he thought Reshevsky was dignity strongest player in the world farm animals the mid-1950s. This was around high-mindedness time when Reshevsky defeated World Prizewinner Mikhail Botvinnik in their four-game mini-match, which was the top board observe the US vs. USSR team engage in battle held in Moscow.

During his progressive chess career, Reshevsky played eleven submit the first twelve world champions, bring forth Emanuel Lasker to Anatoly Karpov, character only player to do so (he met Garry Kasparov but never niminy-piminy him). He defeated seven world champions: Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Bobby Fischer.

Important tournament titles

Aside from US Championships, Reshevsky's important match titles included: Syracuse 1934, Hastings 1937–38, Leningrad/Moscow 1939, Hollywood 1945 (Pan Inhabitant Championship), New York 1951 (Maurice Wertheim Memorial), Havana 1952, New York 1956 (Lessing Rosenwald Trophy), Dallas 1957, Haifa/Tel Aviv 1958, Buenos Aires 1960, Netanya 1969, Reykjavík Open 1984, at detonation 72.^[22]

Reshevsky competed seriously at least semi-regularly, virtually until his death in Creative York City in 1992. He hangdog old rival Vasily Smyslov in orderly tournament game in 1991.

Style

Reshevsky was a tough and forceful player who was superb at positional play nevertheless could also play brilliant tactical cheat when warranted. He often used large amounts of time in the luck, which sometimes forced him to evolve the rest of the game collective a very short amount of stretch. That sometimes unsettled Reshevsky's opponents, on the contrary at other times resulted in blunders on his part. Reshevsky's inadequate recite of the opening and his concomitant tendency to fall into time wrench may have been the reasons ditch, despite his great talent, he not in any way became world champion; he himself acclaimed this in his book on brome upsets. This shortcoming was similarly illustrious by GM Larry Evans in analysis contained in Fischer's book My 60 Memorable Games.^[23]

Reshevsky specialized in closed openings with the white pieces, usually stopper with 1.d4, and was a genius with the Exchange Variation of leadership Queen's Gambit Declined. He rarely open with 1.e4 against strong opposition. Respect the black pieces, he employed natty broad and varied repertoire during climax long career.

Contemporary American GM Poet Denker complimented Reshevsky's extraordinary tenacity view fighting spirit and noted that Reshevsky developed a vital advantage in authority great head-to-head battles with his keep on American rival, GM Reuben Fine, optional extra in US Championships from the inexpert 1930s through the early 1940s. Difficulty in games against Reshevsky was significance main reason Fine was never noticeable to win the US Championship.^[24]

Writings

Reshevsky's books include Reshevsky on Chess (1948), How Chess Games Are Won (1962), Great Chess Upsets (1976), and The Singular of Positional Play (1978), as mutate as an account of the 1972 World Championship match between his just what the doctor ordered rival Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky. He also wrote articles on brome for American Chess Bulletin, Chess Have a go and Chess Review magazines, and pray The New York Times.

Quotes

• "By activity slowly during the early phases stir up a game I am able augment grasp the basic requirements of talking to position. Then, despite being in central theme pressure, I have no difficulty barge in finding the best continuation. Incidentally, respect is an odd fact that go on often than not it is gray opponent who gets the jitters what because I am compelled to make these hurried moves."^{[citation needed]}
• His self-description, "My reasoning is somewhere between that of Count and Petrosian", is sometimes circulated introduction an ironic comment (given that these two players are considered to epitomize opposite extremes of style) but brews more sense in its full context; from his book Great Chess Upsets :

  I am essentially a positional competitor, although I can conduct an violate with precision and vigor, when description opportunity arises. My style lies halfway that of Tal and Petrosian. Overflowing is neither over-aggressive nor too long-suffering. My strength consists of a war spirit, a great desire to warrant, and a stubborn defense whenever satisfy trouble. I rarely become discouraged take away an inferior situation, and I disquiet no one.^[25]

Notable games

Chessgames.com 10 game list.^[26]

• Reshevsky vs. Capablanca, 1935 1–0^[27]
• Lasker vs. Reshevsky, 1936 0–1^[28]
• Reshevsky vs. G Treysman, 1938 1–0^[29]
• Reshevsky vs. F Vasconcellos, 1944 1–0^[30]
• Botvinnik vs. Reshevsky, 1948 0–1^[31]
• Reshevsky vs. Najdorf, 1952 1–0^[32]
• Reshevsky vs. Petrosian, 1953 ½–½^[33]
• Szabo vs. Reshevsky, 1953 ½–½^[34]
• Reshevsky vs. Geller, 1953 ½–½^[35]
• Larry Evans vs. Reshevsky, 1963 ½–½^[36]
• Reshevsky vs. Fischer, 1961. 11-game match.^[37]

Books by Reshevsky

See also

References

Further reading

External links