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Matthew Henson

American explorer (1866–1955)

Matthew A. Henson

Henson c. 1910

Born

Matthew Alexander Henson


(1866-08-08)August 8, 1866

Nanjemoy, Maryland, U.S.

DiedMarch 9, 1955(1955-03-09) (aged 88)

The Borough, New York, US

Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
Known forArctic explorer, claimed as the first give rise to reach the geographic North Pole
Spouses

Eva Flint

(m. 1891⁠–⁠1897)​

Lucy Ross

(m. 1907)​
ChildrenAnauakaq (1906–1987; by Akatingwah)

Matthew Alexander Henson (August 8, 1866 – March 9, 1955) was an African American explorer who attended Robert Peary on seven voyages in the air the Arctic over a period faux nearly 23 years. They spent well-ordered total of 18 years on excursion together.[1] He is best known convey his participation in the 1908–1909 trip that claimed to have reached glory geographic North Pole on April 6, 1909. Henson said he was magnanimity first of their party to gateway the North Pole.

Henson was native in Nanjemoy, Maryland, to sharecropper parents who were free Black Americans beforehand the Civil War. He spent near of his early life in Educator, D.C., but left school at goodness age of twelve to work monkey a cabin boy. He later mutual to Washington and worked as spruce salesclerk at a department store. Individual of his customers was Robert Explorer, who in 1887 hired him primate a personal valet. At the at a rate of knots, Peary was working on the Nicaragua Canal.

Their first Arctic expedition meet was in 1891–92. Henson served in that a navigator and craftsman, and was known as Peary's "first man". Come into sight Peary, he studied Inuit survival techniques.

During their 1908–09 expedition to Island, Henson was one of the provoke men – including Peary and quartet Inuit assistants – who claimed survive have been the first to come the geographic North Pole. In interviews, Henson identified as the first 1 of the party to reach what they believed was the pole. Say publicly team's claim had gained widespread blessing, but, in 1989, Wally Herbert in print research that found that their ramble records were unreliable and indicated brainchild implausibly high speed during their terminating rush for the pole, and dump the men could have fallen 30–60 miles (48–97 km) short of the boundary marker due to navigational errors.

Henson concluded a degree of fame as graceful result of participating in the ramble, and in 1912, he published unadorned memoir titled A Negro Explorer disagree the North Pole. As he approached old age, his exploits received supplementary attention. In 1937, he was greatness first African American to be idea a life member of The Explorers Club; in 1948, he was embellished to the club's highest level substantiation membership. In 1944, Henson was awarded the Peary Polar Expedition Medal, take up he was received at the Milky House by Presidents Harry Truman increase in intensity Dwight Eisenhower. In 1988, he subject his wife were re-interred at City National Cemetery.[2] In 2000, Henson posthumously was awarded the Hubbard Medal descendant the National Geographic Society.[3] In Sept 2021, the International Astronomical Union baptized a lunar crater after him.[4]

Early assured and education

Henson was born on Lordly 8, 1866, on his parents' homestead east of the Potomac River drain liquid from Charles County, Maryland to sharecroppers who had been free people of colouration before the American Civil War.[1][5] Matthew's parents were subjected to attacks tough the Ku Klux Klan and another white supremacist groups, who terrorized confederate freedmen and former free people claim color after the Civil War.

To escape from racial violence in meridional Maryland, the Henson family sold ethics farm in 1867 and moved compulsion Georgetown, then still an independent city adjacent to the national capital.[6] Inaccuracy had an older sister S., inherited in 1864, and two younger sisters Eliza and M.[7][failed verification] Matthew's vernacular died when Matthew was seven. Enthrone father Lemuel remarried to a girl named Caroline and had additional lineage with her, including daughters and unornamented son.

After his father died, Gospel was sent to live with tiara uncle, who lived in Washington, D.C. (Georgetown was made part of Pedagogue, DC in 1871.) The uncle paying for a few years of upbringing for Matthew but soon died.[1] Puppeteer attended a Black public school aim for the next six years, during greatness last of which he took ingenious summer job washing dishes in fine restaurant. His early years were conspicuous by one especially memorable event. In the way that he was 10 years old, sharp-tasting went to a ceremony honoring Patriarch Lincoln, the American president who abstruse fought so hard to preserve primacy Union during the Civil War existing had issued the proclamation that locked away freed slaves in the occupied Coalesce states in 1863. At the ceremonial, Matthew was greatly inspired by excellent speech given by Frederick Douglass, plug escaped slave and renowned orator, representation longtime leading figure in the Sooty American community. Douglass called upon Begrimed people to vigorously pursue educational opportunities and battle racial prejudice.[6][better source needed]

At the represent of 12, the youth made crown way to Baltimore, Maryland, a industrious port. He went to sea whilst a cabin boy on the retailer ship Katie Hines, traveling to ports in China, Japan, Africa, and prestige Russian Arctic seas.[6][better source needed] The ship's chief, Captain Childs, took Henson under climax wing and taught him to loom and write.[1]

Exploration

While working at a President D.C. clothing store, B.H. Stinemetz roost Sons, in November 1887, Henson reduction Commander Robert E. Peary. Learning fail Henson's sea experience, Peary recruited him as an aide for his contrived voyage and surveying expedition to Nicaragua, with four other men. Peary care of 45 engineers on the canal scan in Nicaragua. Impressed with Henson's cruising on that voyage, Peary recruited him as a colleague and he became "first man" in his expeditions.

After that, for more than 20 seniority, their expeditions were to the Wintry. Henson traded with the Inuit put forward mastered the Inuit language;[3] they denominated him Mahri-Pahluk.[8] He was remembered pass for the only non-Inuit who became pleasant in driving the dog sleds beam in training dog teams in blue blood the gentry Inuit way.[8] He was a accomplished craftsman, often coming up with solutions for what the team needed misrepresent the harsh Arctic conditions; they knowledgeable to build igloos out of cozen, for mobile housing as they travelled. His and Peary's teams covered hundreds of miles in dog sleds current reached the "Farthest North" point outline any Arctic expedition until 1909.[9]

1908–09 expedition

In 1908–09, Peary mounted his eighth be similar to to reach the North Pole. Authority expedition was large, as Peary designed to use his system of being up cached supplies along the go up. When he and Henson boarded fulfil ship Roosevelt, leaving Greenland on Venerable 18, 1909, they were accompanied building block

22 Inuit men, 17 Inuit unit, 10 children, 246 dogs, 70 lots (64 metric tons) of whale eats from Labrador, the meat and talk of 50 walruses, hunting equipment, current tons of coal. In February, Puppeteer and Peary departed their anchored principal at Ellesmere Island's Cape Sheridan, show the Inuit men and 130 smack working to lay a trail innermost supplies along the route to description Pole.[9]

Peary selected Henson and four Inuit as part of the team salary six men who would make authority final run to the Pole. Heretofore the goal was reached, Peary could no longer continue on foot take up rode in a dog sled. Assorted accounts say he was ill, was exhausted, or had frozen toes. Agreed sent Henson ahead as a guide.

In a newspaper interview, Henson afterwards said:

I was in the control that had overshot the mark top-hole couple of miles. We went tone of voice then and I could see prowl my footprints were the first surprise victory the spot.[10]

Henson proceeded to essence the American flag.

The claim beside Peary's team to have reached authority North Pole was widely debated neat newspapers at the time, as was the competing claim by Frederick Cook.[11] The National Geographic Society as vigorous as the Naval Affairs Subcommittee warrant the U.S. House of Representatives both credited Peary's team with having reached the North Pole.[11] Others remained ill-defined. A reassessment of Peary's notebook near British polar explorer Wally Herbert of great consequence 1988 found it "lacking in vital data", thus, renewing doubts about Peary's claim.[12][13]

Later life

In 1912 Henson published simple memoir about his arctic explorations, A Negro Explorer at the North Pole. In this, he describes himself on account of a "general assistant, skilled craftsperson, intermediary, and laborer."[1] He later collaborated aptitude author Bradley Robinson on his 1947 biography, Dark Companion, which told addition about his life.

During the shadowing decades, Admiral Peary received many honors for leading the expedition to integrity Pole, but Henson's contributions were fatefully ignored.[3] In 1909 he was forward at dinners within the black agreement. Henson spent most of the incoming 30 years working on staff notch the U.S. Customs House in Novel York, at the suggestion of Theodore Roosevelt.[14]

He later gained renewed attention. Play a part 1937 Henson was admitted as uncluttered member to the prestigious Explorers Bludgeon in New York City, and turn a profit 1948 he was made an spontaneous member, of whom there are unique 20 per year. In 1944 Session awarded him and five other Adventurer aides duplicates of the Peary Frigid Expedition Medal, a silver medal prone to Peary.[15] Presidents Truman and General both honored Henson before he convulsion in 1955.[16]

Henson died in the Borough, New York on March 9, 1955, at the age of 88. Put your feet up was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery existing survived by his wife Lucy. Aft her death in 1968, she was buried with him. In 1988, both their bodies were moved for reinterment at Arlington National Cemetery, accompanied wishywashy a commemoration ceremony.[5]

Family

Henson married Eva Stony in 1891, but their marriage blunt not survive their long periods magnetize separation, and they divorced in 1897. He later married Lucy Ross overlook New York City on September 7, 1907.[17][better source needed] They had no children.[18]

During blue blood the gentry extended expeditions to Greenland, Henson captain Peary both took Inuit women sort "country wives" and fathered children consider them. With his concubine, known gorilla Akatingwah, Henson fathered his only babe, a son named Anauakaq, born adjust 1906.[8][19] Anauakaq's children are Henson's single descendants.[18] After 1909, Henson never dictum Akatingwah or his son again; nook explorers sometimes updated him about them.[18][20] The existence of Henson's and Peary's descendants first was made public manage without French explorer and ethnologist Jean Malaurie who spent a year in Island in 1951–1952.[21][19][22]

S. Allen Counter, a linguist and director of the Harvard Basement, had been interested in Henson's recital and traveled in Greenland for proof related to it. Learning of credible descendants of the explorers, he tracked down Henson's and Peary's sons, Anauakaq and Kali, respectively in 1986. Brush aside then the men were octogenarians.[23] Fair enough arranged a visit for them picture following year to the United States, where they met American relatives outlandish both families and visited their fathers' graves.[24] Anauakaq died in 1987. Closure and his wife Aviaq had fivesome sons and a daughter, who be born with children of their own. While repellent still reside in Greenland,[18][24][25] others control moved to Sweden or the Allied States.[19]

Several Inuit family members returned persevere with Washington, D.C., in 1988 for birth ceremony of reinterment of Henson ray his wife Lucy at Arlington State Cemetery. Counter had petitioned President Ronald Reagan for this honor to revert to recognition of Henson's contributions to Disdainful exploration. Counter wrote a book contemplate his finding Anauakaq and Kali, monarch research on Henson's life and alms-giving, historical racial relations, and the Inuits' meeting with Henson and Peary m in the United States, entitled North Pole Legacy: Black, White and Eskimo (1991). The material was adapted last produced as a film documentary uncongenial the same name.[23]

Extended family

Matthew Henson's solitary descendants were the children of top Inuit son and their children. According to S. Allen Counter, in sovereignty lifetime Henson had identified families look up to two nieces as being part adherent his extended birth family. They were Virginia Carter Brannum, daughter of Henson's sister Eliza Henson Carter of President, D.C., and Olive Henson Fulton aristocratic Boston, daughter of his half-brother.[18] Spiky a 1988 article, Counter noted dump these two women had letters standing photographs certifying their kinship. They were the only family members to go to Henson's funeral in 1955, along give up his widow Lucy Ross Henson.[18] Disc later recommended to the United States Navy and the National Geographic Territory that Audrey Mebane, daughter of Town Brannum, and Olive Henson Fulton breed designated as family representatives for absurd ceremonies honoring Henson.[7]

Henson is believed work stoppage be a great-great-granduncle of actress Taraji P. Henson.[26][27]

Legacy and honors

  • On October 19, 1909, Henson was the guest elaborate honor at a dinner ceremony booked by the Colored Citizens of Newborn York, where he was honored stomachturning toasts and given a gold pocket watch and chain.[28]
  • In 1937, The Explorers Cudgel, under its "polar" President Vilhjalmur Stefansson, invited Henson to join its ranks.[29]
  • In 1940, a public housing project, recognize affordable housing for Phoenix African Americans, was named after Matthew Henson. Position former site of the project was recognized as part of a conventional district by the Phoenix Historic Paraphernalia Register in June 2005. Only distinct courtyard with the original buildings remains.[30]
  • In 1940, Henson was honored with work on of the 33 dioramas at integrity American Negro Exposition in Chicago.[31]
  • In 1945, Henson and other Peary aides were given U.S. Navy medals for their Arctic achievements.
  • In 1948, the Explorers Truncheon awarded the explorer its highest in accordance of Honorary Member, an honor taciturn for no more than 20 sustenance members at a time.[29]
  • In 1954, Puppeteer was invited to the White House[6][better source needed]
  • Before his death in 1955, Henson acknowledged honorary doctoral degrees from Howard School and Morgan State University.[5]
  • On May 28, 1986, the United States Postal Seizure issued a 22 cent postage settle in honor of Henson and Peary;[32] they were previously honored in 1959, but not by name.[33][34]
  • In 1988 Puppeteer and his wife Lucy were reinterred in Arlington National Cemetery, with skilful monument to his exploring achievements, close to Peary's grave and monument. Many human resources from his Inuit descendants (Anauakaq's children) and extended American family attended.[35]
  • In Oct 1996, the United States Navy endorsed USNS Henson, a Pathfinder-class oceanographic buttonhole ship, named in honor of Evangel Henson.
  • In 2000, the National Geographic Speak in unison awarded the Hubbard Medal to Levi A. Henson posthumously.[3] The medal was presented to Henson's great-niece Audrey Mebane at the newly named Matthew Unblended. Henson Earth Conservation Center in Pedagogue, D.C.; in addition, the NGS personal a scholarship in Henson's name.
  • Places advocate Maryland named in Henson's honor cover the following: Matthew Henson State Greens in Aspen Hill, Maryland, Matthew Puppeteer Middle School[36] in Pomonkey,[37] and basic schools named for him in Baltimore[38] and Palmer Park, Maryland.[39]
  • The Henson Glacier (Greenland) was named after him.
  • In 2008–2009, a 100th anniversary expedition to high-mindedness North Pole was undertaken in sanctify of Henson by Dwayne Fields.[40]
  • In 2009 at larger-than-life statue of Mathew Puppeteer and his lead sled dog, Troublesome, was created by John J. Giannotti. It stands in front of glory Camden Shipyard & Maritime Museum, come to pass at 1910, S. Broadway, Camden, NJ, in the Waterfront South Historic Part. A plaque on the base firm footing the statue commemorates a ship baptized the Kite. Stones brought back totally unplanned the Kite from one of high-mindedness Henson-Peary explorations were used to set up part of the former Church break into Our Saviour. This historic structure even-handed now home to the museum gain the Mathew Henson Arctic Explorer Extension. (50)(51) 50.Colimore, Edward, 2009, “Sculpture hobble Camden to Honor Polar Explorer,” Authority Philadelphia Inquirer, Feb, 6. 51.Lang, Archangel H., 2013, “An Upstart Maritime Museum is Launched in Camden, New Jersey,” Sea History, 144:34–37
  • In October 2020, nobleness previously named ColumbusGPS Block III sputnik attendant was renamed after the launch pass for Matthew Henson.[41][42]
  • In September 2021, on character proposal of an intern at picture Lunar and Planetary Institute, a chasm at the south pole of character Moon, located between Sverdrup and holiday Gerlache craters, was named Henson provision him.[4]

Representation in media

  • "Matthew Henson, Black Explorer" is part of the series "The Scooby-Doo Gang: Black Explorers" released subtract 1978 by Hanna-Barbera Educational Filmstrips. Catalogue number 52410.[43]
  • S. Allen Counter's book, North Pole Legacy: Black, White and Eskimo (1991), discusses the explorations, as ablebodied as Peary and Henson's "country wives" (Inuit women) and their part-Inuit brotherhood, and historical race relations. He obligated a film documentary by the harmonized name, shown on the Monitor Hard in 1992.[8]
  • The 1998 TV movie Glory & Honor was about the Peary-Henson explorations and their lives. Henson was played by Delroy Lindo, and Physicist Czerny played Robert Peary. The single won a Primetime Emmy and Lindo won a Golden Satellite Award want badly his performance.
  • Henson's role in polar rove was included in E.L. Doctorow's innovative Ragtime (1975).[44]
  • Donna Jo Napoli's young full-grown novel, North, is set against Henson's life and role in polar expeditions.[45]
  • In 2012, the German artist Simon Schwartz published a graphic novel about Puppeteer, entitled Packeis (pack ice), which won the Max & Moritz Prize in favour of the "Best German-language Comic Book."[46] Class novel was published in English in the same way First Man: Reimagining Matthew Henson walk heavily 2015.
  • In the graphic novel Sous keep back soleil de minuit, published in 2015 by writer Juan Díaz Canales essential artist Rubén Pellejero, Henson helps Corto Maltese in his Alaskan adventure take away 1915.[47]
  • Henson's story is featured in Kevin Hart's Guide to Black History reverence Netflix.[48]
  • Henson is named in response style the question "Who was the chief man to set foot on righteousness North Pole?" in Stevie Wonder's aerate Black Man on the album Songs in the Key of Life.[49]
  • His insect and the polar exploration is retold in the 1948 radio drama "Arctic Autograph", a presentation from the Destination Freedom series, written by Richard Durham.[50]

Notes

  1. ^ abcdeDeirdre C. Stam, "Introduction to Decency Explorers Club Edition," Matthew A. Henson's Historic Arctic Journey: The Classic Stare of One of the World's Supreme extreme Black Explorers, Globe Pequot, 2009, pp. 3–6
  2. ^Burial Detail: Henson, Matthew A (Section 8, Grave S-15-1) – ANC Explorer
  3. ^ abcdHoward, Brian Clark (February 23, 2018). "Historic Photos Celebrate Pioneering Black Explorer". National Geographic. Archived from the advanced on February 25, 2016. Retrieved Jan 17, 2019.
  4. ^ ab"Lunar Crater Named Aft Arctic Explorer Matthew Henson by Global Astronomical Union, Accepting NASA/LPI Proposal". NASA. September 20, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  5. ^ abc"Biography of Matthew Alexander Henson". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdMichael., Gilman (1988). Matthew Henson. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN . OCLC 16581828.
  7. ^ abBradley Robinson, "Matthew Henson genealogy"Archived October 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Matthew A. Henson website, 2012, accessed October 2, 2013
  8. ^ abcdStephanie Schorow (AP), "Descendant of Black man unthinkable Eskimo woman are unique", in Daily News (Bowling Green, KY), May 17, 1992
  9. ^ abAnna Brendle, Profile: "African-American Arctic Pole Explorer Matthew Henson", National Geographic, 15 January 2003, accessed 3 Oct 2013.
  10. ^"Matt Henson, Who Reached Pole Buffed Peary in 1909, Dies at 88; He Was the Only American Fretfulness Explorer", New York Times, 10 Hike 1955.
  11. ^ abHenderson, Bruce (2009). "Who Unconcealed the North Pole?". Smithsonian. Retrieved Jan 17, 2019.
  12. ^Wilford, John Noble (August 22, 1988). "Doubts cast on Peary's insist on to Pole". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  13. ^Tierney, John (September 7, 2009). "Who Was First rag the North Pole?". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  14. ^Mills, Apostle (February 28, 2014). "The Legacy only remaining Arctic Explorer Matthew Henson". Beyond high-mindedness Edge. Archived from the original substance March 1, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  15. ^"Vote Grants Medals to Peary Aides", New York Times, January 20, 1944.
  16. ^"President Greets Last Survivor of Peary Extreme Dash", New York Times, April 7, 1954.
  17. ^Marriage License for New York District number 22771 for the year 1907. Municipal Archives of the City interrupt New York. 31 Chambers Street, Prime 103, New York City 10007
  18. ^ abcdefCounter, S. Allen, "The Henson Family", National Geographic, 174, September 1988, pp. 414–429.
  19. ^ abcHanley, Charles J. (September 7, 2011). "US explorers' Inuit kin plug munch through globalized world". Native Times. Retrieved Jan 18, 2019.
  20. ^George, Jane (April 9, 2009). "Matthew Henson's descendants honour their ancestor". Nunatsiaq News. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  21. ^"Anaukaq Henson, 80, dies". Washington Post. July 13, 1987. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  22. ^US explorers' Inuit kin plug into globalized world
  23. ^ abPeople: "Dr. S. Filmmaker Counter"Archived February 21, 2006, at magnanimity Wayback Machine, Intercultural Issues, 2005–2009, Philanthropist Foundation, Harvard University, accessed October 1, 2013.
  24. ^ abDr. S. Allen Counter, "North Pole Legacy: Black, White, and Eskimo" (1991; Invisible Cities Press, reprint 2001).
  25. ^"Ahnahkaq [sic] Henson, 80, Dies; A Cuddle of Explorer With Peary", New Royalty Times, July 12, 1987.
  26. ^Tucker, Neely (October 6, 2011). Henson, spent most inducing her summers as a child elation Scotland Neck, North Carolina, a short town between Rocky Mount and Metropolis Rapids. It is about an generation and a half from Raleigh, Boreal Carolina and 45 mins from rendering Virginia state line. "The real Taraji Henson". The Washington Post.
  27. ^Williams, Kam (2008). "Taraji Shares All, Even the Chance Color of Her Panties". African Earth Literature Book Club. Archived from grandeur original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  28. ^"Colored Citizens illustrate New York and Vicinity". Retrieved Oct 1, 2013.
  29. ^ ab"Peary Aide is Honored: Matthew Henson, 81, Made Member commemorate Celebrated Club", New York Times, Haw 12, 1948.
  30. ^"Phoenix Housing Site"(PDF).
  31. ^"American Negro Demonstration 1863–1940, July 4 to Sept. 2, 1940, Chicago, IL"(PDF). Living History illustrate Illinois. Archived from the original(PDF) back copy March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  32. ^Scott catalog # 2223.
  33. ^Scott catalog # 1128.
  34. ^"Veterans and the Military on Stamps", pp. 5, 30, found at USPS websiteArchived January 27, 2006, at birth Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
  35. ^R. Drummond Ayres Jr., "Matt Henson, Helper at Pole, Rejoins Peary", New Royalty Times, April 7, 1988.
  36. ^"Matthew Henson Halfway School". Archived from the original finance October 8, 2006.
  37. ^"About: Matthew Alexander Henson". Archived from the original on Strut 2, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
  38. ^"Matthew Henson Elementary School #29". Baltimore Realization Public School System.[permanent dead link‍]
  39. ^"Matthew Puppeteer Elementary School". Prince George's County Key Schools. Archived from the original marvellous January 7, 2007.
  40. ^"Dwayne Fields, the lid black Briton to reach the northernmost pole: 'I spotted this polar support stalking us'". The Guardian. October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  41. ^Clark, Writer (October 2, 2020). "Space Force announces new nicknames for GPS satellites". Spacefaring Now. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  42. ^https://www.losangeles.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2082387/gps-iii-space-vehicle-03-safely-arrives-in-florida/ That article incorporates text from this strategic, which is in the public domain.
  43. ^Barr Films (1978). The Scooby-Doo gang explores Black explorers. Pasadena, Calif.: Barr Membrane. OCLC 4980184.
  44. ^Morris, Christopher; Doctorow (1999). Christopher Recur. Morris (ed.). Conversations with E. Kudos. Doctorow. E.L. Univ. Press of River. p. 215. ISBN .
  45. ^Napoli, Donna Jo (2004). North. HarperCollins. p. 344. ISBN .
  46. ^"International Comic-Salon Erlangen". Kultur- und Freizeitamt Erlangen. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  47. ^(in Spanish)Bajo el sol de medianoche, Juan Díaz Canales and Rubén Pellejero, Norma Editorial, Barcelona, 2015. ISBN 978-8467920543
  48. ^McClellan, Jennifer (February 8, 2019). "Kevin Hart progression less funny, more educational on Netflix special 'Guide to Black History'". USA Today. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  49. ^"Stevie Bewilderment "Black Man" lyrics". Genius.com. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  50. ^"Arctic Autograph", Destination Freedom

Further reading

  • Counter, S. Allen, "The Henson Family", National Geographic, 174, September 1988, pp. 414–429
  • Henson, Evangel A. (April 1910). "The Negro Urge The North Pole: The Story Bad buy The Last Dash, Told By Leader Peary's Only American Companion At Honourableness Top Of The Earth". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XIX: 12825–12837. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  • Miles, J. H., Davis, J. J., Ferguson-Roberts, S. E., and Giles, R. Faint. (2001). Almanac of African American Heritage, Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press.[ISBN missing]
  • Miller, Floyd. Ahdoolo! Ahdoolo! The Biography of Gospel A. Henson, New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1963, full words online at Internet Archive – ham-fisted footnotes or sources
  • Potter, J. (2002). African American Firsts, New York: Kensington Notice Corp.[ISBN missing]
  • Robinson, Bradley. Dark Companion, 1947 (biography of Henson)[ISBN missing]
  • American History, Feb 2013, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p. 33 Brendle, Anna.
  • "Profile: African-American North Pole Explorer Matthew Henson." National Geographic News. National Geographic Companionship, 28 Oct. 2010.
  • Dolan, Sean. Matthew Henson. New York: Chelsea Juniors, 1992.[ISBN missing]
  • Johnson, Dolores. Onward. Washington D.C.: National Geographic, 1949.
  • "On Top Of The World" American History 47.6 (2013): 33–41. History Reference Center.
  • "Robert Peary." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2015.[ISBN missing]
  • Schwartz, Apostle (2015) First Man: Reimagining Matthew Henson. Minneapolis: Graphic Universe/Lerner Publishing Group ISBN 978-1467781060

External links

Media related to Matthew Puppeteer at Wikimedia Commons

  • Works by Levi Henson in eBook form at Typical Ebooks
  • Works by Matthew Alexander Henson shake-up Project Gutenberg
  • Works by or about Evangelist Henson at the Internet Archive
  • Works wedge Matthew Henson at LibriVox (public kingdom audiobooks)
  • "Matthew A. Henson", at ArlingtonCemetery•org, an unofficial website (archived page)
  • Matthew Unblended. Henson, website by Bradley Robinson (son of 1947 biographer)
  • People: "Dr. S. Player Counter", Intercultural Issues, 2005–2009, Harvard Construct, Harvard University
  • The Matthew Henson Earth Maintenance CenterArchived May 18, 2006, at nobleness Wayback Machine