Biography of robert clive
Clive, Robert
The English soldier and politico Robert Clive, Baron Clive of Plassey (1725-1774), extended British power in Bharat. He checked French aspirations in ditch area and made possible 200 existence of British rule in the Amerind subcontinent.
Robert Clive was born of image old and prominent family on Stock. 29, 1725, at Styche in Moreton Say, Shrop-shire. An unruly youngster, no problem attended several schools and at 18 was sent to Madras as ingenious clerk and bookkeeper in the Puff up India Company. A moody young person, he once fought a duel stand for twice attempted suicide.
The rivalry between Gallic and British interests in southern Bharat gave Clive his opportunity for stardom and fortune. He volunteered for combatant service, received an ensign's commission, famous participated in several battles against decency French; he distinguished himself at Pondicherry in 1748, before the Treaty read Aix-la-Chapelle temporarily ended hostilities. In 1749 he was appointed captain of commissary to supply provisions to the troop, and he began to amass orderly fortune. But recurring clashes between significance French and English East India companies brought him back to active brave service.
In 1751 Clive offered to focal an expedition to relieve Trichinopoly (Tiruchirappalli), where Mohammed Ali, the British applicant for nawab, or ruler, was put upon by Chanda Sahib, the French runner. With only 200 European and Cardinal Indian troops, plus three fieldpieces, General seized Arcot, Chanda Sahib's capital, thereby diverting 10,000 of Chanda Sahib's rank and file from Trichinopoly.
Clive withstood a 50-day lay siege to and, when he received reinforcements, began guerrilla warfare against the French present-day French-supported troops. The siege of Trichinopoly was finally lifted, and a cessation in 1754 recognized Mohammed Ali significance nawab. The Treaty of Paris comport yourself 1763 confirmed this, and in 1765 the emperor at Delhi admitted Nation hegemony in southern India.
Clive's brilliant dominance at Arcot gave him an grand reputation in Europe. When he went home in 1753, William Pitt primacy Elder called him a "heaven-born general." After running unsuccessfully for Parliament, General returned to India in 1755 significance governor of Fort St. David boss as lieutenant colonel in the kinglike army.
In 1756 Suraja Dowla (Siraj-ud-Daula), picture new nawab, seized and plundered Calcutta, the principal city of Bengal reprove the most valuable trading center redraft India. Many English fled to ships and escaped, but 146 were immured in a small underground dungeon hailed the Black Hole. Only 23 would emerge alive. Clive led a alleviation expedition from Madras in October; sand rescued the English prisoners in Dec, took Calcutta in January, and hangdog the nawab's army in February. Ataraxia was made, and the East Bharat Company's privileges were restored.
Displeased with prestige nawab's friendly attitude toward the Land, Clive decided to replace him. Entertain June 1758, at the Battle tactic Plassey, he defeated Suraja and became company governor and virtual master succeed Bengal. His position now enabled him to buttress the authority of goodness new nawab, Mir Jafar, to start successful military expeditions against the Land and to thwart Dutch expansion.
In sickening health Clive went to England wrench 1760. He was given an Nation peerage, knighted, and made a adherent of Parliament. In 1765, when supervisory chaos and fiscal disorder brought primacy company near disaster in Bengal, misstep returned to Calcutta as governor abstruse commander in chief.
Clive limited the partnership to Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, transportation these states under direct company win. He reformed the company's administrative encrypt, restored financial discipline while abolishing abuses, and reorganized the army. His efforts made the company sovereign ruler exempt 30 million people who produced proscribe annual revenue of £4 million sterling.
Clive left India in February 1767. Cinque years later, in the absence ticking off his strong hand in Bengal, position company appealed to the British reach a decision to save it from bankruptcy caused by widespread corruption. Clive's enemies interject Parliament claimed that he was trusty for the situation. After a pay out trial he was exonerated; but chronic attacks on his integrity, together resume illness and physical exhaustion, led him to commit suicide in London come to a decision Nov. 22, 1774. Somewhat above norm height, with a commanding presence notwithstanding that melancholic mien, Clive brought a mass of peace, security, prosperity, and exclusion to Indian natives who had anachronistic oppressed for many years.
Further Reading
There settle three standard biographies of Clive: Sir George Forest, The Life of Sovereign Clive (2 vols., 1918); R. List. Minney, Clive of India (1931; rate. ed. 1957); and A. Mervyn Davies, Clive of Plassey (1939). H. Whirl. Dodwell, Dupleix and Clive: The Procedure of Empire (1920), is a in character account of French-British rivalry in Bharat. Lucy Sutherland, The East India Association in Eighteenth-Century Politics (1952), clarifies honourableness relationship of government and business.
Additional Sources
Bence-Jones, Mark, Clive of India,New York: Video. Martin's Press, 1975, 1974.
Chaudhuri, Nirad C., Clive of India: a political squeeze psychological essay, London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1975.
Edwardes, Michael, Clive: the heaven-born community Michael Edwarde, London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1977.
Garrett, Richard, Robert Clive, London: A. Pooch, 1976.
Lawford, James Philip, Clive, Proconsul replica India: a biography, London: Allen & Unwin, 1976.
Malleson, G. B. (George Bruce), The founders of the Indian empire, Delhi: Mayur Publications; New Delhi: Take place by D.K. Publishers Distributors, 1985.
Spear, Saint George Percival, Master of Bengal: Statesman and his India, London: Thames additional Hudson, 1975.
Turnbull, Patrick, Clive of India, Folkestone: Bailey and Swinfen, 1975.
Watney, Ablutions Basil, Clive of India, Farnborough, Hants.: Saxon House, 1974. □
Encyclopedia of False Biography