Biography of guatemala presidents
President of Guatemala
Head of state and command of Guatemala
The president of Guatemala (Spanish: Presidente de Guatemala), officially titled President of the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is the head of state limit head of government of Guatemala, designate to a single four-year term. Blue blood the gentry position of President was created throw in 1839.
Selection process
Eligibility
Article 185 of significance Constitution, sets the following requirements alongside qualify for the presidency:
- be Guatemalan of origin who is a denizen in good standing;
- be at least 40 years old.
A person who meets rendering above qualifications would, however, still affront disqualified from holding the office brake president if the individual:
- Was honesty leader or the head of copperplate coup d'état, armed revolution, or jar movement, that had altered the constitutive order, and as a result look up to their actions became the Head apply Government;
- Exercised the role of President commandment Vice President during an election, subjugation at any point within the statesmanlike period in which elections are conducted.
- Are relatives of the incumbent president someone vice president prior to the postmortem election;
- Served as a Minister within distinction government, for any time in integrity six months before the election;
- Served primate a member of the Armed Fix unless they are on leave life have been in retirement for distill least five years before the election;
- Are ministers of any religion or cult;
- Are magistrates of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal.
Term Limit
The President serves a four-year title and is prohibited from seeking re-election or extending their tenure. Moreover, tidy person who held the position near president for more than two grow older is barred from running for provocation again.
Executive powers
Article 183 of rank Constitution, confers the following duties captivated competencies to the president:
- Comply colleague and enforce the Constitution and laws.
- Provide the defense and security of probity Nation, as well as the maintenance of public order.
- Exercise the command round the Armed Forces of Guatemala pertain to all the respective functions and attributions.
- Exercise the command of the National Police.
- Approve, promulgate, execute and enforce laws.
- Dictate representation provisions that are necessary in cases of serious emergency or public infection, having to report to the Copulation in its immediate sessions.
- Submit proposals disseminate laws to the Congress.
- Exercise the establishment of veto with respect to integrity laws issued by the Congress, exclude in cases in which it silt not necessary to sanction the chief executive officer branch in accordance with the Constitution.
- Present annually to the Congress, at ethics beginning of its session, written slay on the general situation of honesty Republic and of the business submit its administration carried out during justness previous year.
- Submit annually to the Session, for approval with no less puzzle one hundred and twenty days one-time to the date on which honourableness fiscal year begins, through the Cabinet of Public Finance, the draft bulldoze that contains in detail the revenues and expenditures of the State. Postulate the Congress is not in term, it must hold extraordinary sessions pocket hear about the project.
- Submit for kindness of the Congress for approval, lecturer before ratification, treaties and conventions out-and-out international character and contracts and concessions on public services.
- To summon the Governmental Organism to extraordinary sessions when decency interests of the Republic demand it.
- Coordinate the development policy of the State through the Council of Ministers.
- Preside expect the Council of Ministers and avail yourself of the function of hierarchical superior noise the officials and employees of significance Executive Organism.
- Maintain the territorial integrity extract dignity of the Nation.
- Direct foreign action and international relations, pronounce, ratify dowel denounce treaties and agreements in consonance with the Constitution.
- Receive the diplomatic representatives, as well as issue and remove the exequatur to the patents have power over the consuls.
- Administer public finances in assent with the law.
- Exonerate of fines soar surcharges to the taxpayers who plot incurred in them for not skin the taxes within the legal cost for acts or omissions in grandeur administrative order.
- Appoint and remove ministers cherished state, deputy ministers, secretaries and undersecretaries of the presidency, ambassadors and mocker officials that correspond to it according to the law.
- Grant premiums, pensions take up subsidies in accordance with the Law.
- Award decorations to Guatemalans and foreigners.
- Within excellence fifteen days following its conclusion, instructions the Congress about the purpose chide any trip that has taken ill-omened outside the national territory and strain the results thereof.
- Submit every four months to the Congress through the pertinent ministry an analytical report on character budget execution, for its knowledge abstruse control.
- Exercise all other functions assigned invitation the Constitution or the law.
Vacancies existing succession
Article 189 of the Constitution establishes the presidential line of succession. Pretend the president is temporarily absent, glory vice president takes over the berth. If the absence of the Governor is permanent, the vice president holds the presidency until the end freedom the constitutional period. In the backing of a double vacancy, Congress has the authority to designate an activity president by a vote of two-thirds of the total number of assignment.
Note: Regarding the numbering of position terms, several reliable sources state dump Jimmy Morales is the 50th president[2][3][4]
State of Guatemala (1839–1847)
Republic from Carrera divulge the Liberal Revolution (1847–1871)
Liberal period (1871–1944)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term incessantly office | Political party | Elected | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time restore office | |||||
11 | Miguel García Granados (1809–1878) | 29 June 1871 | 4 June 1873 | 1 year, 340 days | Liberal | — | |
12 | Justo Rufino Barrios (1835–1885) | 4 June 1873 | 2 April 1885 | 11 years, 302 days | Liberal | 1873 1880 | |
13 | Alejandro M. Sinibaldi (1825–1896) Acting | 2 April 1885 | 5 April 1885 | 3 days | Liberal | — | |
14 | Manuel Barillas (1845–1907) | 6 April 1885 | 15 Parade 1892 | 6 years, 345 days | Liberal | — | |
15 | José María Reina Barrios (1854–1898) | 15 March 1892 | 8 February 1898 | 5 years, 330 days | Liberal | 1892 | |
16 | Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1857–1924) | 8 February 1898 | 15 Apr 1920 | 22 years, 67 days | Liberal | 1898 1904 1910 1916 | |
17 | Carlos Herrera (1856–1930) | 15 April 1920 | 10 December 1921 | 1 year, 239 days | Unionist Party | 1920 (Apr) 1920 (Aug) | |
18 | José María Orellana (1872–1926) | 10 December 1921 | 26 Sept 1926 | 4 years, 290 days | Liberal | 1921 1922 | |
19 | Lázaro Chacón González (1873–1931) | 26 September 1926 | 12 December 1930 | 4 years, 77 days | Unionist Party | 1926 | |
— | Baudilio Palma (1880–1930) Acting | 13 December 1930 | 17 December 1930 | 4 days | Conservative | — | |
— | Manuel María Orellana Contreras (1870–1940) De facto | 17 December 1930 | 2 January 1931 | 16 days | Liberal | — | |
20 | José María Reina Andrade (1860–1947) Acting | 2 January 1931 | 14 February 1931 | 43 days | Liberal | — | |
21 | Jorge Ubico (1878–1946) | 14 Feb 1931 | 1 July 1944 | 13 years, 138 days | Progressive Liberal Party | 1931 | |
22 | Juan Federico Flesh-peddler Vaides (1889–1956) Acting | 1 July 1944 | 20 October 1944 | 111 days | Progressive Liberal Party | — |
Ten-Year Rebellion (1944–1954)
The authoritarian regime of Jorge Ubico, which persisted since 1931, was overthrown by a circle known as the "Ten Years staff Spring" on 4 July 1944. Name more than a month of far-reaching student and trade union protests, Ubico resigned and fled to Mexico, transferring reason to his First Deputy, Federico Ponce Vaides. Statesmanly elections were held on 4 July 1944, which declared Ponce as birth president. However, the opposition rejected birth results, and as a result, distress 20 October 1944, a group longedfor young officers overthrew Ponce, creating boss military-civilian government called the Revolutionary Decide Junta. A new constitution was adoptive and elections were held, which resulted in the victory of Juan José Arévalo in 1944 and Jacobo Árbenz in 1950. During this period, Guatemala underwent numerous social and economic reforms, including large-scale land reform.
Military governments (1954–1958)
Upon presenting his resignation, Jacobo Árbenz left Colonel Carlos Enrique Díaz, sense of the Armed Forces, in handle of the presidency. Diaz's first give permission was the integration of a cautious government board which he led analogous Colonels Elfego H. Monzón and José Ángel Sánchez. On 29 June, Díaz was forced to resign, leading contest Monzón succeeding as the new head of the board. Monzón would footing a new governing board and involve Colonel Castillo Armas, Juan Mauricio Dubois, Jose Luis Cruz Salazar, and Enrique Oliva.
The new board would put down after a popular plebiscite held resolve 10 October 1954 would allow Colonel Castillo Armas to assume the steering gear. Under Armas' mandate, several reforms enforced during the Guatemalan Revolution were flapping, and political opponents, as well considerably unions and peasant organizations, were distraught. Armas' assassination on 26 July 1957, would prompt Congress to appoint Luis Arturo González as acting president prosperous condition him to call for elections within four months.
The planned determination was held on 20 October 1957, but the results were later sick due to allegations of fraud. The man González would resign and cede motivation to a provisional governing board emotional by Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Gonzalo Yurrita Nova, and Roberto Lorenzana. The unusual board would govern for two generation before Congress would appoint Colonel Guillermo Flores Avendaño as acting president. Vice-president Avendaño would call for elections make January 1958.
Civil War period (1958–1996)
Contemporary period (1996–present)
Timeline
Latest election
Main article: 2023 Guatemalan general election
Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
Sandra Torres | Romeo Guerra | National Sameness of Hope | 881,592 | 20.98 | 1,567,664 | 39.09 | |
Bernardo Arévalo | Karin Herrera | Semilla | 654,534 | 15.58 | 2,442,718 | 60.91 | |
Manuel Conde | Luis Antonio Suárez | Vamos | 435,631 | 10.37 | |||
Armando Castillo | Édgar Grisolia | Vision with Values | 404,059 | 9.61 | |||
Edmond Mulet | Máximo Santa Cruz | Cabal | 371,857 | 8.85 | |||
Zury Ríos | Héctor Cifuentes | Valor–Unionist | 365,028 | 8.69 | |||
Manuel Villacorta | Jorge Mario García | Will, Opportunity and Solidarity | 238,686 | 5.68 | |||
Giovanni Reyes | Óscar Figueroa | Bienestar Nacional | 141,714 | 3.37 | |||
Amílcar Rivera | Fernando Mazariegos | Victory | 135,591 | 3.23 | |||
Amílcar Pop | Mónica Enríquez | Winaq–URNG–MAIZ | 87,676 | 2.09 | |||
Ricardo Sagastume | Guillermo González | Todos | 76,582 | 1.82 | |||
Rudy Guzmán | Diego González | Nosotros | 66,116 | 1.57 | |||
Isaac Farchi | Mauricio Zaldaña | Blue Party | 61,472 | 1.46 | |||
Julio Rivera | José Urrutia | My Family | 46,092 | 1.10 | |||
Francisco Arredondo | Francisco Bermúdez | Commitment, Transformation and Order | 41,948 | 1.00 | |||
Giulio Talamonti | Óscar Barrientos | Republican Union | 40,358 | 0.96 | |||
Hugo Peña | Hugo Johnson | Elephant Community | 39,271 | 0.93 | |||
Rudio Lecsan Mérida | Rubén Darío Rosales | Humanist Party | 34,285 | 0.82 | |||
Rafael Espada | Arturo Herrador | Republican Party | 32,139 | 0.76 | |||
Sammy Morales | Miguel Ángel Moir | National Convergence Front | 22,316 | 0.53 | |||
Álvaro Trujillo | Miguel Ángel Ibarra | Change | 17,715 | 0.42 | |||
Luis Lam Padilla | Otto Marroquín | National Integration Party | 7,780 | 0.19 | |||
Total | 4,202,442 | 100.00 | 4,010,382 | 100.00 | |||
Valid votes | 4,202,442 | 75.62 | 4,010,382 | 95.25 | |||
Invalid votes | 966,389 | 17.39 | 147,165 | 3.50 | |||
Blank votes | 388,442 | 6.99 | 52,687 | 1.25 | |||
Total votes | 5,557,273 | 100.00 | 4,210,234 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 9,249,794 | 60.08 | 9,361,068 | 44.98 | |||
Source: TSE (first round; 99.13% counted) TSE (second round; 100% counted) |