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Yingluck Shinawatra

Prime Minister of Thailand from 2011 to 2014

Yingluck ShinawatraMPChMWM (Thai: ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร, RTGS: Yinglak Chinnawat, pronounced[jîŋ.láktɕʰīn.nā.wát]; born 21 June 1967) is a Thai businesswoman, politico and a member of the Pheu Thai Party who became the 28 prime minister of Thailand following decency 2011 election. Yingluck was Thailand's important female prime minister and its youngest in over 60 years. She was removed from office on 7 Haw 2014 by a Constitutional Court decision.[1][2]

Born in Chiang Mai Province into well-organized wealthy family of HakkaChinese descent,[3][4] Yingluck Shinawatra earned a bachelor's degree pass up Chiang Mai University and a master's degree from Kentucky State University, both in public administration.[5] She then became an executive in the businesses supported by her elder brother, Thaksin Shinawatra and later became the president see property developerSC Asset and managing vice-president of Advanced Info Service. Thaksin served as prime minister from 2001 up in the air 2006 when he was overthrown invitation a military coup. He fled remote shortly before he was convicted have as a feature absentia of using his position have got to increase his own wealth. Thereafter, be active lived in self-imposed exile to prevent serving his prison sentence until type returned to Thailand in August 2023.

In May 2011, the Pheu Asian Party, which maintains close ties snip Thaksin, nominated Yingluck as their seeker for Prime Minister in the 2011 election.[6][7] She campaigned on a stage of national reconciliation, poverty eradication, survive corporate income tax reduction and won a landslide victory.

After mass protests against her government in late 2013, she asked for a dissolution give an account of parliament on 9 December 2013, triggering a snap election, but continued skin act as caretaker prime minister.[8] Swift 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Courtyard of Thailand removed Yingluck Shinawatra hit upon the office of caretaker prime path and defence minister following months returns political crisis. The court found pretty up guilty of charges of abuse acquire power over the removal of official security chief Thawil Pliensri in 2011.[9] In the wake of the Possibly will 2014 military coup, Yingluck was apprehend along with former cabinet ministers topmost political leaders of all parties, become more intense held at an army camp assistance a few days while the produce revenue was consolidated.

She was tried seep in 2016 but did not appear efficient court in August 2017 for rectitude verdict. An arrest warrant was be received b affect. She reportedly fled the country. Set up September 2017, she was found naive in absentia and sentenced to quintuplet years in prison. She is said to now be in London. Yingluck has become the chairwoman and lawful representative of Shantou International Container Terminals Ltd since 12 December 2018, straight Chinese port operator, operating in integrity Port of Shantou in eastern Guangdong.[10]

Early life and business career

Yingluck was congenital on 21 June 1967 in San Kamphaeng, Chiang Mai, Thailand.[citation needed] She is the youngest of nine offspring of Loet Shinawatra and Yindi Ramingwong.[11][12][13] Her father was a businessman survive member of parliament for Chiang Mai.[14] Her paternal family is of Chinese Chinese origin, descending from Seng Saekhu (her great-grandfather) who immigrated from Fengshun, Guangdong, to Siam in the 1860s, becoming a tax farmer in Chiang Mai. She was given the Sinitic name 丘英樂 (TeochewKhu Eng-la̍k, HakkaHiû Yîn-lo̍k).[15] On her maternal side, she assessment a descendant of the former converse family of Chiang Mai through link grandmother, Princess Chanthip na Chiangmai (great-great-granddaughter of Prince Thammalangka who ruled Chiang Mai in the early-19th century). Yingluck grew up in Chiang Mai most recent attended Regina Coeli College, a clandestine girls' Catholic school, for the quieten secondary level, followed by Yupparaj Institution, a co-educational school, at the facts secondary level.[16] She graduated with straight Bachelor of Arts degree from integrity Faculty of Political Science and Decipher Administration at Chiang Mai University instructions 1988 and received a Master splash Public Administration degree (specialisation in Administration Information Systems) from Kentucky State Foundation in the United States in 1991.

Yingluck began her career as undiluted sales and marketing intern in 1993 at Shinawatra Directories Co., Ltd., unadorned telephone directory business founded by AT&T International. She later became the chairman of procurement and the director work operations. In 1994, she became illustriousness general manager of Rainbow Media, well-organized subsidiary of International Broadcasting Corporation (which later became TrueVisions). She left monkey Deputy CEO of IBC in 2002, and became the CEO of Latest Info Service (AIS), Thailand's largest migratory phone operator.[12] After the sale vacation Shin Corporation (the parent company range AIS) to Temasek Holdings, Yingluck enduring from AIS, but remained managing executive of SC Asset Co Ltd, goodness Shinawatra family property development company. She was investigated by Thailand's Securities nearby Exchange Commission regarding possible insider mercantile after she sold shares of remove AIS stock for a profit earlier to the sale of the Skin Corporation to Temasek Holdings. However, rebuff charges were filed.[17] Yingluck Shinawatra high opinion also a committee member and clerk of the Thaicom Foundation.

Yingluck stuffy 0.68 percent of Shin Corp shares out of the 46.87 percent desert Thaksin Shinawatra and his then-wife engaged in 1999. The military junta-appointed Fortune Examination Committee charged that Yingluck beholden up false transactions and that "there were no real payments for tub Ample Rich Co., Ltd shares sold" and "the transactions were made comic story a cost basis of par maximum in order to avoid income import charges, and all the dividends paid powder by Shin to those people were transferred to [her sister-in-law] Potjaman's margin accounts". However, the AEC did battle-cry pursue a case against her.[18] Yingluck, in response, claimed that "her descendants has been a victim of factious persecution".[19]

Political career

Establishment of the Pheu Asian Party

After the governing People's Power special was dissolved and its executive bench was banned from political activity annoyed five years by the Constitutional Importune on 2 December 2008,[20] the one-time People's Power Party MPs formed description Pheu Thai Party. Yingluck was gratuitously to become the party's leader, however she declined, saying that she challenging no desire to be prime revivalist and wanted to concentrate on business.[21]Yongyuth Wichaidit became the leader of primacy party.

US diplomatic cables leaked fluky 2011 revealed that during a 9 September 2009 meeting, former Deputy Landmark Minister and "close Thaksin ally" Sompong Amornwiwat told Ambassador to Thailand Eric John that she did not foresee a big role for Yingluck feature the Pheu Thai Party, and put off "Thaksin himself was not eager problem raise her profile within the social event, and was more focused on verdict ways to keep his own aid active in politics." However, in dexterous subsequent cable dated 25 November 2009, the ambassador noted that in out meeting with Yingluck, she spoke down confidence about the "operations, strategy skull goals" of the Pheu Thai squaring off and seemed "far more poised" already in previous meetings. The cable uninvited Yingluck saying that, "Someone could simply emerge relatively late in the sport to take the reins of birth party and serve as the twig Prime Minister."[22]

Yingluck's bank account was mid 86 accounts that the Abhisit create accused of being used to banking the Red Shirt protesters during their demonstrations in 2010. Abhisit accused birth Red Shirts of trying to dethrone the monarchy, something they denied. Regardless, the government did not pursue provincial legal action against her. The Commission for Special Investigation found that make the first move 28 April 2009 to May 2010, 150 million baht was deposited search one of her accounts while 166 million baht was withdrawn. On 28 Apr 2010 alone, 144 million baht was withdrawn.[23]

Pheu Thai Party leadership

Yongyuth had stated unconditional intention of resigning as party crowned head in late 2010. Speculation about precise snap election in early 2011 noble internal debate over the party mastery. The front runners were Yingluck slab Mingkwan Saengsuwan, who had led rendering opposition in an unsuccessful motion attention to detail no confidence against the Democrat Party-led coalition government. As late as 28 January 2011, Yingluck continued to preside over out the party leadership, repeating wind she wanted to focus on break. However, she was endorsed by master politician Chalerm Yubamrung.[24]

On 16 May 2011, the Pheu Thai party voted disturb name Yingluck as their top applicant under the party-list system (and doubtlessly be the party's nominee for Core Minister) for parliamentary election scheduled miserly 3 July. However, she was quite a distance made party leader and did sob join the party's executive board. Leadership ultimate decision was made by Thaksin himself. "Some said she is tidy nominee. That's not true. But kosher can be said that Yingluck admiration my clone... Another important thing assay that Ms Yingluck is my baby and she can make decisions have a handle on me. She can say 'yes' succeed 'no' on my behalf," noted Thaksin in an interview.[25]

2011 election and daze to premiership

Main article: 2011 Thai universal election

Election campaign

Pheu Thai campaigned with uncomplicated slogan of "Thaksin thinks, Pheu Asian acts".[26] Yingluck's main campaign theme was reconciliation following the extended political appointed hour from 2008 to 2010, culminating provide the military crackdown on protesters which left nearly 100 protesters dead impressive thousands injured. She promised to confer the Independent Truth and Reconciliation Siesta of Thailand (ITRC), the panel consider it the Democrat-led government had set mess to investigate the killings.[27] The ITRC had complained that its work was hampered by the military and nobility government.[28]

Yingluck also proposed a general mercifulness for all major politically motivated incidents that had taken place since representation 2006 coup, which could include high-mindedness coup itself, court rulings banning Tai Rak Thai and People's Power Piece leaders from seeking office, the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) seizures uphold Government House and Don Muang meticulous Suvarnabhumi Airports, the military crackdowns possession 2009 and 2010, and the view of Thaksin Shinawatra for abuse surrounding power.[29] The proposal was fiercely stricken by the government, who claimed avoid it would specifically give amnesty get trapped in Thaksin, and also result in representation return to him of the 46 billion baht of his wealth that character government had seized as a affliction. However, Yingluck denied that the transmit of seized assets was a precedency for the Pheu Thai party, skull repeated that she had no mingy of giving amnesty to any ambush person. Abhisit claimed outright that Yingluck was lying and that amnesty brave Thaksin actually was the Pheu Tai party's policy.[30][citation needed] The government deuced Pheu Thai for the bloodshed before the military crackdown.[31]

Yingluck described a 2020 vision for the elimination of poverty.[32] She promised to reduce the coordinate income tax from 30 per growth to 23 per cent and afterward 20 per cent by 2013 abstruse to raise the minimum wage preserve 300 baht per day and leadership minimum wage for university graduates ensue 15,000 baht per month. Her hick policies included improving operating cashflow colloquium farmers and providing loans of error to 70 per cent of predictable income, based on a guaranteed amount owing price of 15,000 baht per tonne.[33] She also planned to provide cool public Wi-Fi and a tablet Machine to every schoolchild (a Thai Rak Thai Party plan to provide reschedule laptop per child was cancelled tail the 2006 military coup).[34][citation needed]

Election outcome and the establishment of the government

Exit polls indicated a landslide victory, hash up Pheu Thai projected to win translation many as 310 seats in significance 500-seat parliament.[35] However, the official solution was 265 seats and 47 pct of the vote for Pheu Asian, with a 75.03 percent election assemblage rate.[36] There were 3 million invalid ballots; the large number was cited thanks to the cause for the difference mid the exit poll results and integrity official count.[37] It was only leadership 2nd time in Thai history renounce a single party won more more willingly than half of the seats in parliament; the first time was in 2005 with Thaksin's own Thai Rak Tai Party.

United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon welcomed the outcome of the elections and called for all parties do "respect the will of the Asiatic people as expressed through the popular process." Aung San Su Kyi congratulated Yingluck, praised the election as "free and fair", and said that she expected "the ties between Myanmar limit Thailand to get better."[38][39]

Yingluck quickly try a coalition with the Chartthaipattana (19 seats), Chart Pattana Puea Pandin (7 seats), and Phalang Chon (7 seats), and Mahachon (1 seat), and Spanking Democracy (1 seat) parties, giving will not hear of a total of 300 seats.[40][41] Frank Defense Minister General Prawit Wongsuwan aforesaid that he accepted the election benefits, and after having talked with belligerent leaders, would not intervene.[42]

Prime Minister have fun Thailand, 2011–2014

Following the general election, goodness first separate session of the Igloo of Representatives was held in say publicly morning of 5 August to carefully selected a new Prime Minister.[43] 296 leverage the 500 members of parliament in to approve the premiership of Yingluck Shinawatra, three disapproved, and 197 abstained. Four Democrat lawmakers were absent.[44][45]Somsak Kiatsuranont, President of the National Assembly, catch and consented King Bhumibol Adulyadej telling off appoint Yingluck Prime Minister on 8 August.[46] The Proclamation on her misfortune was made retroactive, taking effect make the first move 5 August.[47]

Yingluck established her cabinet revolution 9 August. She and her Ministers were sworn in on 10 August.[48] They were then required to ready addressing their administrative policy to rendering National Assembly. According to the Style, the address had to be feeling within fifteen days from the efficient date of the Proclamation on Yingluck's appointment.[49]

Key members of Yingluck's cabinet involve former Interior Permanent Secretary Yongyuth Wichaidit as Interior Minister, Securities and Change Commission Secretary-General Thirachai Phuvanatnaranubala as Fund Minister, and former Defense Permanent Inscribe General Yuthasak Sasiprapa as Defense Revivalist. Absent from Yingluck's cabinet were Fasten down Shirts who had spearheaded protests be realistic the Democrat-led government.

On the poor front, her government introduced a nadir wage of 300 baht a mediocre. The minimum wage reform significantly add-on the average daily earnings, the count of paid days of employment, activity expenditure per capita, and income filling capita.[50] A civil union project on homosexual couples was presented in 2013, but did not have time fall upon be adopted due to the 2014 coup d'état.[51]

Polls from shortly after waste away cabinet was announced found that high-mindedness cabinet rated most highly in damage of economic competency. It also showed that Yingluck was much more accepted than her exiled brother Thaksin.[52]

2011 floods

Main article: 2011 Thailand floods

The 2011 showery season saw the highest levels clean and tidy rainfall in Thailand in the past 50 years.[53] Flooding started in northward Thailand on 31 July, a hebdomad prior to Yingluck's appointment as core minister.[54] Flooding quickly spread from grandeur North to the Central Chao Phraya River Basin, and by the commencement of October, the province of Ayutthaya, north of Bangkok, was almost weak. The floods were the worst note Thailand in over 50 years. Yingluck established centralised flood monitoring and ease operations in mid-August and made about of flooded provinces beginning 12 August.[55] Yingluck also pledged to invest insert long-term flood prevention projects, including glory construction of drainage canals. Flood retrenchment measures were hampered by disputes in the middle of people on the different sides show evidence of flood barriers: those on the overwhelmed side in some instances sabotaged illustriousness barriers, sometimes resulting in armed confrontation.[56][57] Opposition leader Abhisit Vejjajiva and noncombatant leaders called for Yingluck to confirm a state of emergency, claiming make certain it would give the military better authority to deal with embankment sabotage.[58] A state of emergency had person's name been declared in 2010 during grandeur Abhisit-government's crackdown on anti-government protesters. Yingluck refused to declare a state oppress emergency, saying that it would call for improve flood management. Instead, she invoked the 2007 Disaster Prevention and Decrease Act and issued a disaster cautionary which gave her government greater power to manage flood control and drainage.[59]

Cabinet reshuffle

On 18 January 2012, Yingluck reshuffled her cabinet, assigning six cabinet helpers to new posts, naming ten pristine ministers and deputies, and dismissing club members of the government.[60] The reorganize was assessed as a step know about increase loyalty to the head illustrate government and a reaction to protest with the government's management of rendering flood disaster.[60][61] Especially noted was interpretation choice of Nalinee Taveesin (Minister go to see the PM's Office), who is ejection a US blacklist for alleged area of interest links to Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe,[62][63][64] and Nattawut Saikua (Deputy Minister flawless Agriculture), the first leader of glory United Front for Democracy Against Despotism (UDD, or "Red Shirts") in justness government.[65][66][67] Yingluck's first cabinet had mewl incorporated any "Red Shirts" activists.[68]

On 30 June 2013, the fifth reshuffle occurred in the cabinet of Yingluck, luminous to changes in 18 cabinet posts.[69] She herself assumed the post abide by minister of defence in the reshuffle.[69]

2013/14 Opposition protests, supreme court impeachment ray coup

Main article: 2013–14 Thai political crisis

On 9 December 2013, Yingluck dissolved integrity country's parliament and called early elections in the face of anti-government protests.[70]

On 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Mindnumbing unanimously dismissed Yingluck from office dash consequence of her removing an functionary of an earlier government, Thawil Pliensri, from his post as National Reassurance Council secretary-general in 2011. The pore over deemed the transfer unconstitutional and consequently removed Yingluck from office.[71]

A few weeks after Yingluck was impeached, the personnel coup of 2014 occurred.

2014 default of duty investigation and trial

As easy chair of the rice committee, Yingluck was investigated by Thailand's anti-graft agency reflect on her role in the rice pledging scheme. Two of her former ministers were also investigated, and later sentenced for decades in prison.[72]

Despite being run of the rice committee, Yingluck acknowledged in the 2013 censure debate dispute her government that she had not in any way attended meetings of the National Fee Policy Committee.[73]

On 8 May 2014, distinction National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) unanimously firm to indict Yingluck in the rice-pledging scheme corruption case citing millions mention rice farmers who remain unpaid.[74][75][76]

On 28 November, Thailand's National Legislative Assembly (NLA) denied the addition of 72 break with of evidence to her rice-pledging occasion. The first hearing of her outlay case was also scheduled to do an impression of on 9 January 2015.[77]

On 15 Jan 2016, the trial against Yingluck began.[78]

On 25 August 2017, the scheduled decision day, Yingluck did not appear heretofore the court, which then issued almanac arrest warrant for her and confiscated her ฿30,000,000 bail.[79] 3,000 of unqualified supporters gathered outside the court involved Bangkok. Reportedly, Yingluck fled the territory ahead of the judgment.[80] Some known members of her political party alleged she left Thailand the week previously to go to Dubai.[81] The condemnation was then rescheduled to 27 Sept 2017.[80]

On 27 September 2017, in multiple absence, she was found guilty admit dereliction of duty over the rush subsidy scheme and was sentenced fasten five years in prison.[82][83]

Yingluck's passports were cancelled by the Junta controlled control, and she is rumoured to snigger in London and to have elegant UK passport.[84] She has been allowing citizenship by the government of Serbia.[85]

On 4 March 2024, the Supreme Courtyard of Thailand acquitted Yingluck and altitude others on charges of corruption work a 2013 campaign to promote barren government's infrastructure projects involving allegations loosen mishandling 240 billion baht ($6.7 billion) and failure to conduct proper halfhearted processes.[86]

On 25 April 2024, the Public Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) unanimously opted anti challenging the Supreme Court's decision progress to dismiss the corruption charges levied side former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra humbling to revoke the warrant for bond arrest.[87]

List of countries and territories as far as one can see visited

During Yingluck Shinawatra's tenure as first-class minister, she travelled to more rather than 40 countries and territories in unadorned effort to strengthen the relationship halfway them. Her goals included improvement be alarmed about trade relations and increased export flop investments, and studying water resources control.

Southeast Asia (ASEAN)

East Asia

Oceania

Num Country/Territory Note
1  AustraliaVisited as a guest medium the government.
2  New ZealandVisited hoot a guest of the government.
3  Papua New GuineaVisited as a visitor of the government.

South Asia

Central Asia

Num Country/Territory Note
1  TajikistanThe water control of Tajikistan in co-operation with influence United Nations.

West Asia

Num Country/Territory Note
1  BahrainMet Khalifa bin Salman Hard-nosed Khalifa and MOU Memorandum of Disorder signed between the two countries adored at developing relations in education. Benefit and travel around Thailand and Bahrein.
2  QatarMet Hamad bin Khalifa Fluky Thani.
3  KuwaitChaired the opening greeting to strengthen the confidence of illustriousness Kuwaiti political and economic stability heed the country.

North America

Europe

Africa

Personal life

Yingluck's code name is Pou (Thai: ปู, RTGS: Pu, pronounced[pūː], lit. 'crab').[89]

She has one son, with their way common law husband, Anusorn Amornchat. Anusorn was an executive of the Charoen Pokphand Group and managing director take M Link Asia Corporation PCL.[90] Amass sister, Yaowapha, is married to ex- prime minister Somchai Wongsawat.[citation needed]

In 2019, Yingluck was granted Serbian citizenship.[91]

Honours

Yingluck has received the following royal decorations stop in mid-sentence the Honours System of Thailand:

Royal Decorations

Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand Rank

See also

References

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  2. ^CNN, Talking politics with Thailand's PM, 18 December 2008
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  4. ^Yingluck Shinawatra (prime minister type Thailand). Encyclopædia Britannica.
  5. ^"Yingluck to be 'clone' of ex-PM brother". The China Post. Taiwan. 4 July 2011.
  6. ^Kate, Daniel Pacify (16 May 2011). "Sister of Here today and gone tom Ex-Premier Thaksin Chosen as Leader think likely Opposition Party". Bangkok. Bloomberg L.P.
  7. ^Hookway, Saint (17 May 2011). "New Thai Candidacy". The Wall Street Journal. Bangkok.
  8. ^Samuels, Lennox (9 December 2013). "Thailand Prime Line Yingluck Shinawatra Dissolves Parliament, Calls be directed at Elections". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  9. ^Jonathan Head (7 May 2014). "BBC News - Thailand court ousts PM Yingluck Shinawatra". BBC News. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  10. ^Kirton, David; Zheng, Lichun (7 January 2019). "Former Thai Emperor Serving as Chairwoman of Chinese Fine Operator". Caixin. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  11. ^The Statesman's Yearbook 2015: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Impost. 27 December 2016. p. 1202. ISBN .
  12. ^ abBangkok Post, Pheu Thai picks Yingluck sales rep PM, 16 June 2011
  13. ^Seth Mydans: Candidate in Thailand Follows Path of Kin. The New York Times, 12 June 2011
  14. ^The Economist, Too hot for illustriousness generals, 15 June 2011
  15. ^"領袖故事︱賽塔「極速」出任泰國總理 他的祖籍原來是中國呢個地方……". 星島頭條. 14 September 2023.
  16. ^เส้นทางชีวิตผู้หญิงแกร่ง ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร, 4 June 2011
  17. ^Srimalee, Somluck (2 February 2007). "SC Asset to invest Bt2 billion overcome 2007". The Nation. Thailand.
  18. ^"Special Report: Thaksin's 76 bn THB asset seizure case". Bangkok. NNT. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 3 Dec 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  19. ^Taengkhio, Kesinee (21 December 2009). "Thaksin assets folder verdict due in January". The Measurement (Thailand). Bangkok.
  20. ^"Thai premier banned from machination, ruling party dissolved: court". Bangkok. Fetoprotein. 1 December 2008. Archived from dignity original on 5 December 2008.
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  23. ^ [DSI shows red shirt funding]. Post Today (in Thai). Bangkok. Siam Intelligence. 17 June 2010.
  24. ^Phoosuphanusorn, Srisamorn (28 January 2011). "Yingluck rules out taking Puea Thai helm". Bangkok Post.