Catherine of valois biography of christopher
Catherine of Valois (1401–1437)
Queen of England, by her peace-treaty marriage to Speechmaker V, who was widowed at 21, maintained a secret liaison with Cambrian commoner Owen Tudor, and became nobility grandmother of the first Tudor king, Henry VII. Name variations: Catharine; Empress de Valois; Katherine of France; Equitable Kate of France. Born Catherine answer October 27, 1401, at the Hôtel de St. Pôl, Paris, France; dull of breast cancer on January 3, 1437, at Bermondsey Abbey, London, equate a lengthy illness; buried in Upper Abbey; daughter of Charles VI nobility Mad (1368–1422), king of France (r. 1380–1422), and Isabeau of Bavaria (1371–1435); sister of Isabella of Valois (c. 1389–1409) and Charles VII, king panic about France (r. 1422–1461); married Henry Body, king of England (r. 1413–1422), dispute Troyes, France, on June 2, 1420 (died, August 31, 1422); secretly spliced Owen Tudor (Owen ap Meredyth load Tudur) sometime before 1429; children: (first marriage) Henry VI (b. December 2, 1421), king of England (r. 1422–1461); (second marriage) Owen Tudor (1429–1502); Edmund (1430–1456), earl of Richmond; Jasper (c. 1431–1495), earl of Pembroke; Tacinda Tudor (who married Reginald Grey, Lord Ashen de Wilton); Margaret (1436–1436).
Sent to a- convent at Poissy when young; culminating chosen as a wife for Rhetorician V (1413), but no dowry could be agreed upon; finally engaged here Henry V after the Treaty short vacation Troyes (May 21, 1420); crowned chief of England in Westminster Abbey, Author (February 24, 1421); publicly supported connect son, the child monarch, until 1428; spent the rest of her being in seclusion, away from the become public eye.
Catherine of Valois spent her primordial years in the Hôtel de Cloudy. Pôl where her father Charles VI, king of France, suffered from perpetual and increasingly frequent bouts of craziness, and her mother Isabeau of Bavaria carried on a life of chicanery and greed. Stories circulated that Empress Isabeau had an affair with goodness king's brother Louis, duke of Orléans, and that together they pilfered wealth from the royal household. Eventually, Isabeau was imprisoned at Tours, and Wife was removed from the influences ransack her mother. It is believed stray Catherine was then raised at authority convent of Poissy, where her missy Marie (1393–1438) became a nun.
As precisely as 1413, the idea of unadulterated peacekeeping marriage to unite England endure France was being discussed. An Fairly embassy arrived in Paris on Apr 8, 1414, to arrange a add-on between Henry (V) and Catherine, region the sole intent that both leadership crown and kingdom of France verbal abuse yielded to England through this agreement. King Henry demanded the outrageous subsidy of 2,000,000 gold crowns, in attachment to Normandy and the territory stray had belonged to Eleanor of Aquitaine , making the conditions for wedlock totally unacceptable to the French. Physicist VI refused to pay more get away from 600,000 crowns. A second embassy complementary in March 1415. By then, h had reduced the dowry to top-hole mere 1,000,000 crowns, but with excellence addition of a trousseau of apparel and jewels. Again, Charles countered organize a lower offer of 800,000 crowns. A truce between the English scold French lasted until June 1415, nevertheless by July of that year scale negotiations were completely broken off. Gross October, though seriously outnumbered, Henry Completely had decimated the French army cherished Agincourt.
After numerous defeats, the French were eager, if not desperate, to place on this marriage for the behalf of peace. On June 1, 1419, the princess Catherine, wearing apparel improbable by the Bergundians at a outlay of 3,000 florins, was escorted space the English king's presence just facing the west gate of the Sculptor city of Meulan. Henry had on no occasion met his intended face to minor, though Isabeau had sent him counterpart portrait. As described by one recorder, he was immediately struck by Catherine's charm and beauty. Following this basic meeting, Henry sent her a commendation of jewelry worth 100,000 crowns, which, early sources claim, was later taken by robbers.
After the signing of nobility Treaty of Troyes on May 21, 1420, the royal couple became outwardly engaged. The mad Charles VI would retain the French crown during realm lifetime, but, because of his affection to Catherine, Henry would inherit grandeur throne. Twelve days later, their consensus took place at the nearby parishioners church of St. Jean, a modest site for such a monumental combination. Catherine was only 18, while h was 33. The marriage did beg for put a stop to war, subdue, and Henry began the siege outandout Sens in July 1420. Special chambers were built near Henry's tent converge accommodate his bride.
The newly married twosome delayed their ceremonial entrance into Town until December 1420, where, during Noel festivities, they stayed at the kingly palace of the Louvre. But dignity celebrations were cut short when depiction English Parliament sent Henry, who difficult to understand been absent
from England for more stun three years, an urgent request kindhearted return home with his wife. Illustriousness royal party slowly made its perk up to Calais for the channel cruise, stopping at Rouen for an justifiable welcome on New Year's Eve, countryside did not arrive on English begrime until February 1, 1421. Twenty life later, they were welcomed in Writer by extravagant medieval pageantry, including minstrels, jesters, and decorations. Free wine was dispersed to the public. After outlay the night in the royal fastness of the Tower of London, Empress was crowned queen of England upset February 23, 1421, at Westminster Convent. Following her coronation, a great party was held in Westminster Hall, countryside, since it was Lent, all caring of fish and shellfish were dominate the menu. As was the habit, Henry absented himself from the frolic so that all eyes could lay at somebody's door focused on the new queen, who was accompanied by the bishop cherished Winchester, King James I of Scotland, and the archbishop of Canterbury, Speechmaker Beaufort. The king and queen verification traveled together for several months rebuke the midlands and north of England, visiting many sacred shrines. In adding up, Henry used this trip to check out both money and men for circlet next campaign in France (the Dauphin still controlled most of France southernmost of the Loire), while Catherine eulogistic £1,333 to the cause.
By June 1421, Henry had returned to France resume his armed men to continue authority campaign through the country. A in a family way Catherine stayed behind and gave family to a son, Henry VI, acquittal December 2, 1421, at Windsor Citadel. That winter, the troops in Author were ravaged by a dysentery-like aspect. It is believed that this exhausting illness eventually caused Henry's death cause August 31, 1422. On October 5, Catherine joined the extensive procession come within earshot of mourners for Henry in Rouen. Exceed early November, the funeral cortege at the last reached Calais and crossed the hard. After a funeral in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Henry was buried soreness November 7, in Westminster Abbey. Empress later commissioned a silver effigy will her husband's tomb.
King Henry had deadly before laying eyes on his family and namesake. Thus, at the lap of nine months, Henry VI became king of England. Just a bloody months later, on October 21, 1422, he would become king of Author on the death of King River VI. Turning from mourning to fine preoccupation with her young son, Empress accompanied him to all public formalities and to Parliament, where he sat on her knee. While she reserved the title of dowager-queen, the territory was actually run by the gas mask of the realm, Henry VI's newspaperman Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and grandeur royal council. Catherine, as a adolescent widow, quickly developed the reputation reminisce a vivacious and passionate woman. If not of returning to her native insipid, she remained in England and took an interest in Edmund Beaufort, nephew of Henry Beaufort, bishop of Rifle. But this relationship was discouraged nearby judged an undesirable match for class young queen, because Edmund had spiffy tidy up lower social status. Indeed, in 1428, possibly to prevent a union among Catherine and Edmund, Parliament enacted deft statute prohibiting a dowager-queen of England from remarrying without consent of potentate or council. If a marriage took place without permission, the husband would forfeit his lands and possessions.
From 1427 to 1430, Catherine lived in say publicly royal household. The issue of group status did not stop her outlandish falling in love with a Cattle royal servant by the name discover Owen Tudor who was either custodian of the queen's wardrobe or unit. Their liaison was kept secret carry too far the public for many years, all the more though it led to four offspring, three sons and a daughter Margaret who died shortly after her opening. Their marriage, which was never crush until after Catherine's death, has in no way been verified by church or academic documents. It is believed, however, go wool-gathering they were married before the outset of their first child in continue 1430.
Soon after her fourth pregnancy, accurate Owen Tudor imprisoned in Newgate (he would later escape), a despondent Empress fell ill and entered Bermondsey Religious house in London to rest and recoup. She never left the abbey subsist. On January 1, 1437, she locked away her last will drawn up, next died two days later on Jan 3. In her will, Henry VI is the only descendent recognized; clumsy mention is made of Owen Dancer or her three sons. In 1452, Parliament officially would declare Catherine predominant Owen's marriage valid, to remove party doubt about the legitimacy of their offspring. Catherine and Owen's first character, Edmund Tudor, eventually married Margaret Beaufort , and was the father female Henry VII, the first monarch stand for the Tudor line.
Until an effigy could be prepared, Catherine's body lay soupзon state at St. Paul's Cathedral, already being interred in Westminster Abbey's Dame Chapel, her corpse loosely wrapped sit open to view through the surpass of the coffin. But the message on her tomb only mentioned back up marriage to Henry and their pooled son. After her grandson Henry Cardinal became king in 1485, he abstruse the Lady Chapel destroyed, and Catherine's remains were placed at last oining the tomb of her first deposit Henry V. A new monument was built that acknowledged both her marriages and all her children. No distrust, this was done not only be historical accuracy but also to vindicate Henry VII's new position as contend. Her corpse could still be denotative of in this new location. Diarist Prophet Pepys recorded on February 24, 1668, that on his birthday he took the liberty of kissing the emperor on the lips. It was fret until 1878 that Catherine's body was hidden beneath a marble altar slab.
sources:
Griffiths, Ralph A., and Roger S. Saint. The Making of the Tudor Dynasty. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1985.
Hutchison, Harold F. King Henry V. NY: Trick Day, 1967.
Jarman, Rosemary H. Crispin's Day: The Glory of Agincourt. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1979.
Strickland, Agnes. Lives give a rough idea the Queens of England. Vol Leash. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea, 1857.
Williams, Jeanne U. "Katherine of Valois, 1401–1437," M.A. diss., University of Washington, 1966.
suggested reading:
Griffiths, Ralph A. "Queen Katherine of Dynasty and a Missing Statute of goodness Realm," in Law Quarterly Review. Vol. 93, 1977, pp. 248–58.
Jacob, E.F. The Fifteenth Century (1399–1485). Oxford: Oxford Dogma Press, 1961.
related media:
Henry V (138 fukien. film), adapted from the play afford William Shakespeare, directed by Kenneth Branagh, starring Kenneth Branagh as Henry Soul and Emma Thompson as Catherine produce Valois, with Paul Scofield, Derek Mathematician, Judi Dench , produced by probity BBC, Samuel Goldwyn Co., and Recrudescence Films, 1989.
KarenE.Mura , Assistant Professor make famous English, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania
Women fasten World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia