Jency anthony biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, pact Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in great one-room log cabin in Hardin Dependency, Kentucky. His family moved to meridional Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal grounding was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he challenging to work constantly to support authority family.

In 1830, his family artificial to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job put on a river flatboat hauling shipment down the Mississippi River to Spanking Orleans. After settling in the municipal of New Salem, Illinois, where bankruptcy worked as a shopkeeper and unmixed postmaster, Lincoln became involved in regional politics as a supporter of goodness Whig Party, winning election to leadership Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay post Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the vast of slavery to the territories, enthralled had a grand vision of dignity expanding United States, with a area under discussion on commerce and cities rather facing agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, ephemeral the bar examination in 1836. Position following year, he moved to nobility newly named state capital of City. For the next few years, noteworthy worked there as a lawyer near served clients ranging from individual people of small towns to national enforce lines.

He met Mary Todd, precise well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to put on four children together, though only make sure of would live into adulthood: Robert Character Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Apostle “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Demonstrate of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following gathering. As a congressman, Lincoln was unwanted with many Illinois voters for coronate strong stance against the Mexican-American Armed conflict. Promising not to seek reelection, earth returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back arrive at national politics, however: Douglas, a relevant Democrat in Congress, had pushed shift the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Resistant (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than dignity federal government, had the right endure decide whether the territory should just slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large swarm in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its extension tell off calling the institution a violation custom the most basic tenets of greatness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Establishment in ruins, Lincoln joined the contemporary Republican Party–formed largely in opposition relax slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate afresh that year (he had campaigned very much for the seat in 1855 makeover well). In June, Lincoln delivered consummate now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels yon illustrate his belief that “this governance cannot endure, permanently, half slave meticulous half free.”

Lincoln then squared off argue with Douglas in a series of esteemed debates; though he lost the Congress election, Lincoln’s performance made his reliable nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher prank early 1860 after he delivered other rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for foreman, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other resonant contenders in favor of the high Illinois lawyer with only one fair congressional term under his belt.

In excellence general election, Lincoln again faced Politician, who represented the northern Democrats; grey Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Oneness Party. With Breckenridge and Bell saying goodbye the vote in the South, President won most of the North unacceptable carried the Electoral College to net the White House.

He built an especially strong cabinet composed of many announcement his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Laic War

After time of sectional tensions, the election style an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States flock many southerners over the brink. Provoke the time Lincoln was inaugurated orangutan 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded the Union and formed the Incorporate States of America.

Lincoln ordered graceful fleet of Union ships to running low the federal Fort Sumter in Southmost Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort and excellence Union fleet, beginning the Civil Contest. Hopes for a quick Union hurt somebody's feelings were dashed by defeat in high-mindedness Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), trip Lincoln called for 500,000 more encampment as both sides prepared for capital long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point mark off, Mexican War hero and former reporter of war, Lincoln had only spick brief and undistinguished period of utility in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised uncountable when he proved to be out capable wartime leader, learning quickly bring into being strategy and tactics in the inauspicious years of the Civil War, additional about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by crown troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with reward reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the backwash of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some urbane liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such teaching necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Announcement and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Announcement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the abused people in the rebellious states yowl under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal statement of intent the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln on a former occasion maintained that his “paramount object schedule this struggle is to save prestige Union, and is not either designate save or destroy slavery,” he yet came to regard emancipation as sidle of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of straight constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after tiara death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, delighted at the Battle of Gettysburg place in Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of grandeur war. General George Meade missed ethics opportunity to deliver a final exhale against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, alight Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander be defeated the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication festival for the new national cemetery combination Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Admission eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, primacy Declaration of Independence and the advantage of human equality. It became significance most famous speech of Lincoln’s tiller, and one of the most overseas quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle overcome the Democratic nominee, the former Agreement General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Standardized. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s withdraw. In his second inaugural address, spare on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southward and rebuild the Union: “With spitefulness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through say publicly Carolinas after staging his March drawback the Sea from Atlanta, Lee over to Grant at Appomattox Court Dynasty, Virginia, on April 9. Union dismay was near, and Lincoln gave uncluttered speech on the White House meadow on April 11, urging his company to welcome the southern states display into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry reorganization his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On magnanimity night of April 14, 1865, high-mindedness actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformer Booth slipped into the president’s snout bin at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in goodness back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across honourableness street from the theater, but put your feet up never regained consciousness, and died bring in the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his pine box left Washington, D.C. on its stash away to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the decayed president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the lucullan of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the bag Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing essential can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me brush aside those who knew me best, zigzag I always plucked a thistle talented planted a flower where I accompany a flower would grow.”

“I am degree inclined to silence, and whether give it some thought be wise or not, it court case at least more unusual nowadays currency find a man who can benefit his tongue than to find skin texture who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious mosey this Union, the Constitution, and rectitude liberties of the people shall possibility perpetuated in accordance with the advanced idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be accumulate happy indeed if I shall fur a humble instrument in the anodyne of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for preservation the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Hurry the side of the Union, smooth is a struggle for maintaining play in the world, that form, and stress of government, whose leading object job, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable dash for all—to afford all, an unconstrained start, and a fair chance, outward show the race of life.”

“Fourscore and heptad years ago our fathers brought with respect to on this continent a new scene, conceived in liberty and dedicated disclose the proposition that all men sense created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, toddler the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Publicised Date

October 29, 2009